sqlite3.OperationalError: database or disk is full

You can check how much space is left in your temporary directory using df;

df -h /tmp

You may be able to change the temporary path by setting TMPDIR in your environment;

TMPDIR=/new/temporary/path beet

If that works, you can permanently set it by adding this to your .bashrc in your home directory.

export TMPDIR=/new/temporary/path

Although this may affect other software using SQLite too.